If you want to see this letter from our site, please follow this link. http://www.e-malt.com/Publications.asp?17073
E-Malt.com NewsLetter
Newsletter Summary

RombBullet Quote of the week
RombBullet Currency rates
RombBullet Brewers equities
RombBullet Industry news
RombBullet Graph of the week
RombBullet Table of the week
RombBullet Prices evolution
RombBullet Barley prices
RombBullet Theoretical malt prices
RombBullet Business history
RombBullet Agenda
RombBullet News articles





Jump  to http://www.firstkey.com

Last five graphs

Note: All graphs issued with e-malt.com newsletters are published in "Graph" section of e-malt.com site.



Last five tables

All e-malt.com tables are published in e-malt.com Statistics section. The Statistics section includes Barley statistics, Malt statistics and Beer statistics. The tables related to barley are published in Barley Statistics section, the tables related to malt in Malt Statistics section and the tables related to beer in Beer Statistics section.



Last five prices evolutions




Access to E-malt.com


Do you know
E-malt.com?

Dear E-malt Reader!

E-malt.com Newsletters Archive could be found directly on e-malt.com site. Browsing through our Newsletters Archive you may see all the issues you have missed. To this purpose you just have to login e-malt.com and click on Newsletters link in the menu. Reading our Newsletters you will be kept informed with the latest news and events regarding malting and beer world. You may also submit your own news, events or other information to the address info@e-malt.com!

You may find updated malt, barley and beer statistics on e-malt.com Statistics section. Just enter e-malt.com! Here you will find all tables issued with e-malt.com newsletters.

E-malt.com Agenda gives the possibility to keep you informed about the Events planned to be held in the whole world related to the brewing and malting industries. To this purpose you just have to login e-malt.com and click on Agenda link in the menu. Reading our Event Agenda you will find out about the future symposia, conferences and festivals related to malting and beer world. You may also submit your own events to the address info@e-malt.com

E-malt.com has Trading Online system. The system is to be used for malt/barley trading. One can register a malt/barley offer or a malt/barley request. The registering person could be as a seller/buyer or as an agent for seller/buyer. The User can see information about all active malt/barley offers & requests. If needed the system allows user to buy/sell malt/barley due to reasonable offers/requests. The way to do this is to confirm reasonable transaction. Trading Online rules are available through the Internet in the Trading Online as well as Tutorial (useful for persons who starts the system usage). To visit the E-malt Trading Online first go to the E-malt.com site, then click Trading Online link in the left menu of the e-malt.com home page. For more details please contact info@e-malt.com

Thank You!


E-malt.com Links!




Note

If you have any comments, questions, suggestions or remarks, you can send a mail to: info@e-malt.com. To submit your own news to our editorial team, email to: info@e-malt.com


If you have received this newsletter from a colleague, you can obtain your own subscription here! You are not registered yet? You may register here.


You may recommend our site to your friend by clicking here.


If you do not wish to receive our newsletter, please unsubscribe your e-mail address from our mailing list by sending us an e-mail info@e-malt.com. Please take into consideration your registration data.


 UNSUBSCRIBE YOUR E-MAIL 
from our mailing list.
  SEND A MAIL TO US  
   info@e-malt.com   

Please take into consideration your registration data.


E-Malt.com Newsletter 19a
May 10 - May 12, 2021


Quote of the Week

Brewers enjoy working to make beer as much as drinking beer instead of working.
Harold Rudolph

             You are one of the 54,000 professionals of the brewing and malting industries from 195 countries receiving our free bi-weekly E-malt Newsletters published since 2001. You seem to be pleased by getting them as we have registered something like 3 mln readings.
             To keep the high level of this informative reservoir in both brewing and malting industries and in order to continue to improve it we have to request a small contribution for full access to E-malt.com information.
             The majority of our readers have responded positively thus giving us the possibility to keep developing this global informative reference.
             A one-year membership costs only 181,- Euros and gives you full access to both our Full Bi-weekly Newsletter and website www.e-malt.com.

             You can pay by credit/debit card or bank transfer (against invoice). Ordering is simple, use our online secure ordering system: click hereunder to begin - you can have access in just 5 minutes!

CLICK HEREUNDER TO SUBSCRIBE
One-year individual subscription: 181, - Euros
Two-year individual subscription: 320, - Euros
Save money when your colleagues join:

One-year group subscription for 2-5 members: 373, - Euros
One-year group subscription for 6-10 members: 555, - Euros
One-year group subscription for 11-20 members: 737, - Euros
One-year group subscription for 21-50 members: 983, - Euros
One-year group subscription for 51-100 members: 1229, - Euros

For a personal service contact our Membership staff :
Email : info@e-malt.com
Direct line : +32 (0)87 681381; Fax : +32 (0)87 352234
If calling, please note our office hours are 9am - 5pm (Belgium time)






Currency Rates


Base Currency: US Dollar
on May 12, 2021
Base Currency: Canadian Dollar
on May 12, 2021
      1 USD = 0.8229 EUR
1 USD = 0.7074 GBP
1 USD = 1.2098 CAD
1 USD = 1.2756 AUD
1 USD = 108.7200 JPY
1 USD = 5.2256 BRL
1 USD = 74.1226 RUB
1 USD = 6.4246 CNY
      1 CAD = 0.8265 USD
1 CAD = 0.5846 GBP
1 CAD = 0.6801 EUR
1 CAD = 1.0543 AUD
1 CAD = 89.8500 JPY
1 CAD = 4.3189 BRL
1 CAD = 61.2612 RUB
1 CAD = 5.3099 CNY

Currency Rates Chart


Equities of the Largest Breweries

Equities of the Largest Breweries

North America News
Brewery news USA, OH: Three friends to open Arrogant Goat Brewing in Bucyrus ...Click here
Brewery news USA, OK: SkyDance Brewing Co. to open its own location this summer ...Click here
Brewery news USA, OH: Brighten Brewing Co. sets opening date around mid-June ...Click here
Brewery news Canada, NB: Saint Andrews Brewing launches in Saint Andrews ...Click here
Brewery news Canada, ON: Nickelbrook Brewing Co. about to open new location in South Etobicoke ...Click here
Brewery news USA, NJ: Descendants Brewing Company already open in Milford ...Click here
Brewery news USA, FL: Civic Brewing Company to become Wakulla County’s first brewery ...Click here
Brewery news Germany & USA: German brewer Gilde to open a massive brewery in Charlotte, North Carolina ...Click here
World News
Malt news EU: Malt exports increase by 6% in July-April 2020/21 ...Click here
Malt news France: InVivo reaches an agreement to acquire Soufflet Group ...Click here
Barley news EU: Barley production forecast to experience a modest rebound ...Click here
Barley news EU: Barley production expected to increase to 56.015 mln tonnes in 2021/22 ...Click here
Brewery news UK: Guinness owner Diageo to return $6.4 bln to shareholders ...Click here
Barley news France: Farm office cuts forecasts of wheat, barley and maize ending stocks ...Click here
Barley news Australia: New crop malting barley exports total 123 thousand tonnes in December-February ...Click here
Barley news Australia: Australia exports 969,830 tonnes of barley in March 2021 ...Click here
Brewery news UK: Carlsberg and Marston’s brewery group appoints new CEO ...Click here
Brewery news South Korea: Jeju Beer preparing to be listed on the KOSDAQ ...Click here
Brewery news Ireland: Diageo busy keeping up with the increased demand ahead of restaurants and bars reopening ...Click here
Brewery news UK: Budweiser and Heineken worst affected amid major beer shortage at UK pubs ...Click here
Graph of the Week


Table of the Week

Russia Beer Production, Sales, and Per Capita Consumption 2010 - 2020


Table of the week.

Prices Evolution

Prices evolution

Barley Prices



Theoretical Malt Prices



These Days in Business History


10 May
1837 - As New York banks suspend payment of loans in specie (gold coins), the Panic of 1837 begins - setting off the deepest economic depression the United States will suffer until 1929
1869 - The First Transcontinental Railroad, linking the eastern and western United States, is completed at Promontory Summit, Utah (not Promontory Point, Utah) with the golden spike
1950 - The Digital Age takes a huge leap forward. At the National Physical Laboratory in the British village of Teddington, Alan Turing's Pilot Model Advanced Computing Engine (ACE), one of the world's earliest general-purpose electronic computers, runs its first program
1975 - Sony introduces the Betamax videocassette recorder in Japan

11 May
1861 - In a move of symbolic support for the Union, the New York Stock Exchange bans all trading in Confederate stocks and bonds. (However, members are still free to short-sell any Union securities they choose)
1907 - Bank of San Francisco incorporated
1928 - General Electric opens 1st TV-station (Schenectady, New York)
2010 - David Cameron becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom following talks between the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats to form the UK's first coalition government since World War II after elections produced a hung parliament

12 May
1916 - Einstein's Theory of General Relativity presented
1949 - 1st Polaroid camera sold $89.95 in New York City
1949 - The Soviet Union lifts its blockade of Berlin
1975 - Israel signs an agreement with European Economic Market


Agenda

May 2021:
12 - 14: Craft Beer China 2021 (Shanghai, China)
18 - 21: Beer 2021 (Sochi, Russia)

August 2021:
06 - 07: Tallinn Craft Beer Weekend 2021 (Tallinn, Estonia)
24 - 28: 2nd VLB Africa Brewing Conference (Online)

September 2021:
09 - 12: Craft Brewers Conference & BrewExpo America 2021 (Denver, Colorado, USA)
16 - 18: Zurich Bier Festival 2021 (Zurich, Switzerland)
21 - 23: 11th Ibero-American VLB Symposium (Barcelona, Spain)
22 - 24: Beer and Soft Drinks Industry 2021 (Kyiv, Ukraine)

October 2021:
07 - 10: Mondial de la Biere 2021 (Montreal, Canada)
13 - 15: Drink Japan 2021 (Makuhari Messe, Japan)
17 - 20: 14th International Trends in Brewing 'Beer & Society' 2021 (Leuven, Belgium)
20 - 22: drink technology India 2021 (Mumbai, India)

November 2021:
02 - 04: Fdt Africa 2021 (Midrand, South Africa)
03 - 06: VIETFOOD & BEVERAGE - VIETNAM 2021 (Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam)
04 - 05: Sea Brew 2021 (Taipei, Taiwan)

December 2021:
07 - 08: Brewers Congress 2021 (The Brewery, 52 Chiswell Street, London, UK)

February 2022:
11 - 14: HoReCa 2022 (Athens, Greece)
15 - 17: Brasil Brau 2022 (Sao Paulo, Brazil)

More events are available on site e-malt.com

News Articles


Brewery news USA, OH: Three friends to open Arrogant Goat Brewing in Bucyrus
Something's brewing on East Rensselaer Street in Bucyrus and it all started with three old friends hanging out at the Bratwurst Festival, the Bucyrus Telegraph Forum reported on May 8.

Mark Burke, David Jones and Zach Osborn have been friends since they were in school; Burke and Jones married sisters.

"We were just kind of shooting around the idea that, you know, let's get into the homebrew thing," Burke said.

They originally discussed homebrewing as a hobby, but now, they plan to open Arrogant Goat Brewing as soon as they get their operating permits and have their first beer ready to drink.

"But why do it as a hobby? Let's just do it," Burke recalled of the decision. "So we started doing some homebrew with the thought of if we get good at it, and we enjoy it, let's make something out of it. So kind of from the very beginning, we bought equipment that you could use for homebrewing but that could transition right into a small nanobrewery."

After about a year, the three were hooked and decided to launch the business.

"It just kind of continued to grow from there," Burke said. "We've only been doing it since 2018. We went from not ...More info on site


Brewery news USA, OK: SkyDance Brewing Co. to open its own location this summer
Oklahoma’s first Native American-owned brewing company, inspired by the recipes of the owner’s father, will open an independent location this summer, the Cronkite News reported on May 10.

Jacob Keyes, a member of the Iowa Nation, opened SkyDance Brewing Co. in 2018 in honor of his father. Since then, the brewery has been operating out of a co-op – a single location where multiple companies use the same equipment – in Oklahoma City. The new taproom and brewery are under construction in the historic Automobile Alley north of downtown.

SkyDance produces five brews, along with a few seasonal beers, such as Sovereign Nation, inspired by the United States’ recognition of tribes as sovereign nations. The beer is distributed to gas stations and small bars in the Oklahoma City area.

Keyes said he and his father had always wanted to open their own brewery. One day, Keyes found one of his father’s beer recipes and made a batch. His friends insisted he enter it into a competition, which he won. That evening, Keyes’ brother called him to say their father had died.

“I felt like it was a sign I had to start the brewery,” said Keyes, who’s from Purcell, Oklahoma, and has been involved ...More info on site


Brewery news USA, OH: Brighten Brewing Co. sets opening date around mid-June
New breweries pop up with a lot of hope and hard work. When Brighten Brewing Co. opens in Copley, it will have an award-winning brewer making beer, Cleveland.com reported on May 10.

Tom Robbins, who owns the brewery with Elliott Pickett, has earned not one but two Great American Beer Festival awards. In his previous job, with Lager Heads Brewing Co. of Medina, he won bronze for Smokie Robbins, a smoked black lager in the smoked beer category in 2015, and then bronze again for his Oktoberfest in the American-Style Amber Lager category in 2018.

He left the brewery in 2019, and is now getting back in the game. And it feels good, he said.

“It’s been a minute; the muscle memory is there,” he said. “But I definitely have to think a little bit. But it’s coming back. The more I get through it and use it and work with it, the more I will figure out about it.”

The Firestone High School graduates’ ballpark opening date is around mid-June. The brewery is on S. Cleveland Massillon Road in Copley, a Summit County township of about 17,000 residents.

Robbins has been brewing since 2008 and began working at Thirsty Dog Brewing Co. in Akron, ...More info on site


Brewery news Canada, NB: Saint Andrews Brewing launches in Saint Andrews
The historic town of Saint Andrews on the southern coast of New Brunswick is now home to the province’s newest craft brewery with the launch of Saint Andrews Brewing, the Canadian Beer News reported on May 10.

Founded by veteran homebrewer Ian Covey, the brewery officially debuted this past weekend when three of its beers – core brands Herringbone Pub Ale (4.6% abv) and Wharfbound Hazy Pale Ale (5.5% abv), and rotating one-off London Brown Ale (4.3% abv) – went on tap at The Red Herring Pub in Saint Andrews.


Brewery news Canada, ON: Nickelbrook Brewing Co. about to open new location in South Etobicoke
An approaching summer means plenty of reasons for beer lovers to experiment with new flavours, new brews, and new styles from one of Ontario's many breweries, blogTO reported on May 8.

For fans of Burlington's Nickelbrook Brewing Co., this is about to get a whole lot easier with the recent announcement of their new South Etobicoke home.

The new production facility and taproom will be located on 1589 The Queensway, and is hoping to partner up with local restaurants to launch their taproom where beer lovers can try everything they have to offer.

"We're going to do the typical Nickelbrook favourites, all the stuff you see in LCBO, Beer Store and grocery," said Jenn Mitchell, Nickelbrook's Marketing Manager to blogTO. "We're also going to grow our small batch program on a bigger scale."

On top of the taproom, the new location will have full brewing capacity inside allowing for more efficient same day door stop delivery and pickup options across Toronto.

The popular brewery is pushing hard with the city to get a patio, hoping to open by early July.

Even if government restrictions don't allow them to open patio dining by that date, they're still targeting July for the launch of pickup and same day ...More info on site


Brewery news USA, NJ: Descendants Brewing Company already open in Milford
The New Jersey side of the Delaware River is officially home to one more craft brewery as a Milford property with a boozy history has finally re-launched into a new business, the Jersey Digs reported on May 11.

Descendants Brewing Company recently held a ribbon-cutting and official grand opening celebration at a historic three-story building first constructed in 1879. Located at 61 Bridge Street in Milford, the home was once a Prohibition-era speakeasy and a general store before operating as The Ship Inn in recent years.

The latter incarnation claims to have brewed the first craft beer in New Jersey back in 1995 and new owners Joe and Ana David looked to continue that tradition when buying the business over four years ago. The pair, along with several business partners, set out to transition the property into a full-fledged brewery before COVID-19 threw cold water on their planned April 2020 opening.

“Despite all the hardships we faced due to the pandemic, we felt it was important for us to be there for our employees and the community and try to keep the momentum going,” said co-owner and brewer Joe David. “We are grateful and excited to be able to finally realize our vision, ...More info on site


Brewery news USA, FL: Civic Brewing Company to become Wakulla County’s first brewery
The first brewing company is coming to Wakulla County, WTXL ABC 27 reported on May 7.

Civic Brewing Company is expected to open in the next couple of weeks in downtown Sopchoppy. Owner Elliot Seilder said he's excited to be the newest addition to a community he calls home.

"My first job ever was in this building when it was backwoods pizza," Seiler said.

Seilder was born in St. Marks, but moved to the Sopchoppy area as a kid. He went to the University of Florida and Florida State University for school and then joined the Navy.

When he got out, he attended UC Davis in California at a prestigious brewing school.

He said he wanted to open his first brewery in Wakulla County because there's "no place like home".

Many of the nearby businesses are ready for the customers this new store could bring.

"The brewery I think is going to be a magnet in a lot of ways," the Owner of Oyster Boss Jeff Telly said.

Telly said he opened a retail store to keep his business going through the pandemic and new customers from Civic Brewing Company would help him.

According to the Brewers Association, breweries made up $82.9 billion in the U.S. economy in 2019. ...More info on site


Brewery news Germany & USA: German brewer Gilde to open a massive brewery in Charlotte, North Carolina
One of the oldest breweries in Germany released renderings today of its first location outside of Hannover, Germany in its 475-year history. It hopes to open The Embassy at Gilde Brewery on Dewitt Lane in Charlotte’s Lower South End neighborhood in fall 2021, according to a release on May 11, .

“We carefully selected Charlotte as our first brewery site outside of Hannover based on the community’s level of interest in high-quality beer and the connection between our two cities through Queen Charlotte, who was Queen of Hannover,” said Mike Gaertner, president of Gilde.

The 9,000-square-foot brewery will allow seating for 350 guests in both an interior bier haus and outdoor bier garten.

“We’ve been watching Charlotte’s beer scene grow and thrive for almost a decade now, and we’d be remiss if we didn’t introduce an authentic German beer to Charlotte’s lineup,” stated Karsten Uhlmann, CEO of Gilde. “As the original craft beer innovators, we will immerse guests in centuries of German brewing heritage combined with the creativity of the American beer movement.”

Gilde has tapped Willi Wallstab, a renowned German brewing master, to serve as brewmaster at Charlotte’s Gilde Brewery. According to the release, Wallstab will move to Charlotte this summer ...More info on site


Malt newsEU: Malt exports increase by 6% in July-April 2020/21
EU malt exports totalled 2.474 mln tonnes (grain equivalent) in 1 July – 25 April, plus 6% y/y, H. M. Gauger GmbH said in ...More info on site


Malt newsFrance: InVivo reaches an agreement to acquire Soufflet Group
InVivo Group, a French agricultural cooperative group operating in several key countries, on May 5 announced it has reached an agreement to acquire Soufflet ...More info on site


Barley newsEU: Barley production forecast to experience a modest rebound
Barley production for the 27 member states of the European Union is expected to experience a modest rebound in output with the improved seasonal ...More info on site


Barley newsEU: Barley production expected to increase to 56.015 mln tonnes in 2021/22
EU Commission Barley Supply and Demand Balance of Apr 29, 2021 forecasts the EU-27 barley production at 56.015 mln tonnes in 2021/22 versus 54.751 ...More info on site


Brewery newsUK: Guinness owner Diageo to return $6.4 bln to shareholders
Guinness owner Diageo said it would resume plans to return £4.5 billion ($6.36 billion) to shareholders, as its recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic continues ...More info on site


Barley newsFrance: Farm office cuts forecasts of wheat, barley and maize ending stocks
Farm office FranceAgriMer on May 12 cut its forecasts of French wheat, barley and maize stocks at the end of this season to the ...More info on site


Barley newsAustralia: New crop malting barley exports total 123 thousand tonnes in December-February
Australia’s new crop barley exports in December-February were 123 thousand tonnes of malting barley to Vietnam, Mexico and Japan, and 2.657 mln tonnes of ...More info on site


Barley newsAustralia: Australia exports 969,830 tonnes of barley in March 2021
Australia exported 961,823 tonnes of feed barley, 8,007 tonnes of malting barley and 52,208 tonnes of sorghum in March, according to the latest export ...More info on site


Brewery news UK: Carlsberg and Marston’s brewery group appoints new CEO
Marston’s brewery group, a joint venture with Carlsberg, has appointed a new chief executive officer after the current boss decided earlier this year to depart the brewer, marketscreener.com reported on May 12.

Stepping into the helm on 3 October, Andrew Andrea will leave behind his role as the group’s chief financial officer (CFO).

“Despite the challenges of the last year, I am confident that we have a great team of energised and engaged people to deliver our vision, and I look forward to working with them and the board to return the business to growth and optimise the future opportunities available to us,” Andrea said.

Bringing over 23 years of experience within the pub and brewing industry to the top position, Andrea is no stranger to the group and is also a non-executive director of the Portmeirion group.

After joining Marston’s in 2002, the new CEO has sat on the board since 2009 and even had a stint of being operations director at the Marston’s Pub Company.

Current CEO Ralph Findlay will remain in the role until 2 October to ensure a smooth handover. Meanwhile, the search for a new CFO has begun.

“Andrew was the strongest contender from a selection of extremely high calibre candidates ...More info on site


Brewery news South Korea: Jeju Beer preparing to be listed on the KOSDAQ
Jeju Beer is preparing to be listed on the KOSDAQ for the first time in the Korean beer industry within the first half of this year. Jeju Beer is planning to increase its production facilities and lead the market through the IPO, The Jeju Weekly reported on May 10.

On February 25th, the KOSDAQ headquarters of the Korea Exchange approved a preliminary review for the listing of Jeju beer on the KOSDAQ. It will be the first domestic beer company to be listed on the KOSDAQ and the second beer company in 12 years.

Jeju Beer started preparing for the IPO by requesting a preliminary review for listing on the KOSDAQ in November 2020. Public offering stocks amounted to 8,362,000 shares, which is 15% of the 55,995,890 total shares after listing. Daishin Securities is in charge of the listing supervision.

Jeju Beer plans to accelerate growth by increasing corporate value and expanding investment resources by listing on the KOSDAQ. The funds from IPO will respond to increased demand by investment in production and R&D facilities to introduce innovative beer products. Through this, the company aspires to achieve 10 cumulative product lineups within this year, contributing to market diversity and becoming a new game-changer ...More info on site


Brewery news Ireland: Diageo busy keeping up with the increased demand ahead of restaurants and bars reopening
Following the recent announcement of the updated plans for reopening Ireland, the majority of restaurants and bars in Ireland are already planning for June 7, the Irish Mirror reported on May 8.

With outdoor services set to resume for groups limited to six people, the return of the hospitality sector is a massive boost for staff, patrons, and the public alike.

Last month, traditional pubs in Dublin marked 400 consecutive days of closure and while the majority of pubs in Ireland have remained closed, the taps haven't been exactly dry in others.

Throughout the pandemic, the popularity of takeaway pints has seen some pubs take in a small level of income and as expected, this would require the kegs to be replenished.

While Diageo hasn't exactly shut up shop since February 2020 - the world's largest producers of spirits and beers do have markets beyond Ireland and even in terms of this country, they did keep supply steady when lockdown was lifted last December - the recent decision to purse an outdoor summer will see local demand for Guinness, Smirnoff, Captain Morgan, Bell's etc increase.

Since the recent announcement was made about hospitality returning, the sight of kegs being unloaded in pubs and restaurants around ...More info on site


Brewery news UK: Budweiser and Heineken worst affected amid major beer shortage at UK pubs
Budweiser and Heineken are the worst affected brewers amid a major beer shortage as demand soars after pubs reopened, it has been claimed.

Retailers and wholesalers said there are supply issues on multiple core beer lines, with a shortage of drivers also part of the problem, the Mirror reported on May 9.

It comes as pubs, bars and restaurants in England prepare to re-open for indoor trading from May 17 just weeks after the hospitality industry was allowed to begin serving al fresco.

Experts had predicted the initial easing of lockdown on April 12 would see punters sinking 92 pints a second in their local boozers - and that strain on the industry appears to be showing already.

Industry magazine The Grocer was told by one multi-convenience retailer a “perfect storm” of pressures is coming, with “a lack of drivers, an aluminium shortage and brewers diverting beer into kegs for the reopening of the on-trade as opposed to canning it”.

Another said wholesalers were “not getting the allocations of stock they need and that’s on top of the range reviews last year which resulted in rationalised ranges”.

While a buying group insider added distribution levels were “as bad as 50% for some of the biggest brands ...More info on site


Copyright © E-Malt s.a. 2021